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- <text id=89TT0824>
- <title>
- Mar. 27, 1989: Terrorism:Late Alarums, Failed Alerts
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- Mar. 27, 1989 Is Anything Safe?
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 53
- TERRORISM
- Late Alarums, Failed Alerts
- </hdr><body>
- <p>"Toshiba bombs" had surfaced in advance of Flight 103
- </p>
- <p> Just what do governments owe the traveling public by way of
- warnings against possible terrorist attacks? A lot, say
- families of the victims killed when Pan Am Flight 103 was blown
- out of the sky over Scotland by a bomb on the night of Dec. 21.
- In the wake of new disclosures last week suggesting that
- authorities on both sides of the Atlantic had received several
- detailed and credible alerts of a terrorist threat, many
- relatives want to know exactly what American and British
- transport officials knew -- and when they knew it. And then they
- want to know why nothing was done about it.
- </p>
- <p> Controversy over the ill-fated flight revived when London's
- Daily Mail obtained a memo from the British Ministry of
- Transport dated Dec. 19. The alert warned British airlines and
- airports and some foreign carriers of a new type of terrorist
- bomb, packed with the Czechoslovak-made explosive Semtex, that
- could be hidden in a radio-cassette player. The memo contained
- an elaborate list of clues for detecting such devices, including
- the failure of the cassette player to function normally and more
- wiring than usual for a portable player. "Its sophistication,
- and the effort taken to conceal it," said the warning, "suggest
- it could have been intended for use against an aviation target
- in support of a `high risk' operation."
- </p>
- <p> The bomb that was detonated two days later aboard Flight
- 103 is thought to be similar to the one detailed in the memo.
- The British bulletin was also distributed to U.S. airlines, but
- because the packet of information included a color photograph,
- it had to be sent by mail. A Pan Am spokeswoman said last week
- that that warning did not reach the company's London office
- until Jan. 17.
- </p>
- <p> The British disclosure of the hitherto unpublicized memo
- prompted a belated admission by the U.S. Federal Aviation
- Administration that almost identical alerts had been circulated
- to American airlines for more than a month before the December
- warning. On Nov. 18 an "aviation security bulletin" urged
- airlines to be on the lookout for explosive-packed cassette
- recorders, painstakingly describing the "Toshiba bomb." On Nov.
- 22 the British issued a similar alert, but only to British
- airlines and airports.
- </p>
- <p> As relatives of the Flight 103 victims know only too well,
- even those warnings were not the first. In October, West German
- police arrested a member of a Syrian-backed guerrilla group, the
- Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command,
- and discovered a Toshiba Boombeat Model 453 radio-cassette
- player fitted with explosives and a barometric device designed
- to explode at high altitudes. In the first week of November, the
- West Germans held a conference in Wiesbaden to distribute
- information about the construction of the bomb. Security
- specialists from Britain and the rest of Europe attended.
- </p>
- <p> On Dec. 9 there was another warning, this one from the FAA.
- The reason: four days earlier, the U.S. embassy in Helsinki had
- received an anonymous phone call from a person with a Middle
- Eastern accent. The tipster stated that a man named Abdullah
- planned to pass a device to a female Finnish passenger, who
- would unwittingly transport it to Frankfurt, then onto a
- U.S.-bound craft. U.S. and Finnish authorities dismissed the
- message because the caller was a known hoaxer.
- </p>
- <p> The Daily Mail's disclosure caused something of a feeding
- frenzy among some other newspapers. At week's end there were
- rampant reports that British authorities had identified those
- responsible for causing the explosion aboard Flight 103 and
- were on the verge of making an arrest. Those reports were
- dismissed by a government official as "total nonsense."
- </p>
- <p> Looking back, British opposition politicians were critical
- of the authorities' apparent lack of response to the warning.
- They indignantly demanded an investigation. Among the questions
- they wanted answered: Was a cover-up under way to protect the
- Thatcher government? Huffed Frank Dobson, shadow leader of the
- House of Commons: "When is the Secretary of State (for
- transport) going to come to the House and tell us the truth and
- the whole truth for the first time?"
- </p>
- <p> Despite the accusations of irresponsibility involved in
- this particular case, the larger question remains unanswered.
- As the FAA noted in December, it and the airlines constantly
- receive terrorist threats. To publish them all would effectively
- halt air travel and give the terrorists an unprecedented
- victory.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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